Xenophon and Aristophanes

In Greek society women had little control over their lives. A husband wanted to be able to control his wife so she would run his household as he saw fit, so she did not damage his reputation, and so he knew the paternity of his children. A husband wanted the girl to be closely controlled by her father before she married for the same reasons. Aristophanes’ comedies and Xenophon’s Oeconomicus contain very different depictions of a Greek citizen woman’s life before she is married and during the time shortly after she is married. Both the comedies and Oeconomicus examine how girls were educated, how closely guarded they were in their father’s household, and their willingness to deceive their husbands. In Oeconomicus, Xenophon wrote about the ideal girl, but she was exaggerated in the direction of perfection. In the comedies, however, some the female characters were almost the exact opposite of the girl in Oeconomicus. Even though ideas about how girls were raised and how they behaved after they were married are very different in Oeconomicus and in Aristophanes’ comedies, both sets of ideas get at a husband’s desire for his wife to have been closely controlled by her father, and then by him. Aristophanes and Xenophon illustrate this desire by presenting the ideal characteristics of a wife and the characteristics men fear. They also use exaggeration to make the distinction between the good wife and the undesirable wife even clearer. Because husbands wanted their wives to be controlled first by their fathers, and then by them, women spent their entire lives under the control of men. There was also a large difference between how closely guarded by her father Ischomachos’s wife was, compared to the girls in the comedies. Girls were not only guarded to keep them from learning too much, but they were also guarded to keep them away from men so they would not have sex with or be raped by them. Because if a girl was, and after marriage her husband found out, he would be unsure of the paternity of his children. Ischomachos’s wife â€Å"had previously lived under diligent supervision in order that she might see and hear as little as possible† (Oeconomicus, VII, 5). She obviously did not leave her house much if her family was making an attempt to have her see and hear as little as possible. Because she was supervised that closely, even if she did leave her house she wouldn’t have had a chance to get into trouble because there would be someone with her or watching her. In Women at the Thesmophoria, the Kinsman portrayed a female character who was obviously not guarded closely, â€Å"I had a boyfriend, who’d deflowered me when I was only seven† (Women at the Thesmophoria, 503). If a man was able to get to the Kinsman’s character when she was only seven she was not being watch closely. Calling the person who deflowered her, her boyfriend, implies that this was not a single instance of negligence on part of her guardian; it implies that she was not being watched closely enough to prevent her boyfriend from continuing to see her. Ischomachos’s wife reflects the ideal for Greek husbands. Because her father so closely controlled her, she would not have had an opportunity to do anything that would call the paternity of her future husband’s children into question. The Kinsman’s character is a depiction of a girl that shows men’s fears about how their wives might have been raised. She is completely out of the control of her father, so when she marries, her husband will have no idea if she is all ready pregnant. It is likely that how closely or loosely these characters were guarded is an exaggeration. Although Ischomachos’s wife probably was guarded as closely as possible, her incredible ignorance implies that she was guarded more closely then was achievable. The Kinsman’s character is probably also an exaggeration. Although there probably were some girls who were deflowered when they were very young, it seems unlikely that she would have had a boyfriend at the age of seven. The exaggeration only makes the ideal of a father’s control more clear. In Ischomachos’s wife’s extreme case there is almost no chance that she was pregnant with another man’s child when she married, but in the case of the Kinsman it would be surprising if she was not all ready pregnant. In order for a husband to be able to control his wife easily and so he would be able to teach her how he wanted her to run his household, girls were supposed to be kept as ignorant as possible before marriage. Ischomachos’s wife is an example of this ideal. He says that † [she] had previously lived under diligent supervision in order that she might see and hear as little as possible and ask the fewest questions as possible† (Oeconomicus, VII, 5). In Lysistrata an opposite view of the education of girls is presented. A chorus of women spoke about their experience in several different religious ceremonies and festivals. They use what they learned in the festivals to justify giving the polis advice. We want to start by offering the polis some good advice and rightly, for she raised me in splendid luxury. As soon as I turned seven I was an Arrephoros; then a Grinder; when I was then I shed my saffron robe for the Foundress at the Brauronia. And once, when I was a beautiful girl, I carried the Basket wearing a necklace of dried figs† (Lysistrata, 669). Because they use their experience in religious ceremonies as a qualification, they believe they have learned from these experiences. The contrast between Oeconomicus and Lysistrata is striking in that Ischomachos’s wife was kept home and an attempt was made to teach her as little as possible, while the girls in the chorus left home for extended periods of time and apparently learned from their experiences. The experience of both Ischomachos’s wife and the chorus girls is an exaggeration of what is possible in reality. Ischomachos seemed to think his wife did not know anything he did not teach her. When she made a mistake, such as when she cannot find something that Ischomachos asks for, he took full responsibility for it because if he had not taught it to her she could not be expected to know it. â€Å"But you are not at fault in this, rather I am, since I handed over these things to you without giving orders as to where each kind of thing should be put so that you would know where to put them and where to find them again† (Oeconomicus, VIII, 2). The list of religious festivals given by the chorus as evidence of their education contains service in five separate religious rites. This list of religious service is â€Å"the most prestigious any Athenian woman could boast† (Lysistrata 669, note 138). Some of the rites were only open to girls from the â€Å"noblest Athenian families† (Lysistrata 670, note 139). It seems unlikely that many girls, if any, would have had the experience that the girls in the chorus listed. So the experiences of girls in Lysistrata are exaggerated to make the girls appear more knowledgeable than they probably would be, and in Oeconomicus the girl is more ignorant than seems possible. The exaggeration illustrates why men wanted ignorant girls. Ischomachos’s wife is incredibly ignorant and is very easy to control. She does exactly what her husband tells her to do, once instructed. This contrasts with the women in Lysistrata who have an unusual amount of experience outside of their homes. The women’s experience, in part, contributed to their attempt to take over the polis. A wife who attempted to deceive her husband was very frightening for Greek men because men spent a great deal of their time away from home. When a husband was gone, his wife would have the opportunity to do things that would damage his reputation and call the paternity of his children into question. A husband could not really control his wife, if he could not trust that she was doing exactly what she said she was doing. In the Oeconomicus there is an example of a wife deceiving her husband that seems very benign. All Ischomachos’s wife did was put on makeup, but when he sees her with a painted face, he tells her that she should not wear makeup because it is a form of deception. Such deceits may in some way deceive outsiders and go undetected, but when those who are always together try to deceive one another they are necessarily found out† (Oeconomicus X, 8). It seems like he is not just lecturing her about putting on makeup, but also about other kinds of deception. Of course after Ischomachos’s lecture, â€Å"she never did anything of that sort again† (Oeconomicus X, 9). The Kinsman’s ch aracter not only lied to her husband only three days after they were married, but she lied so she could leave the house to have sex with her boyfriend (Women at the Thesmophoria, 504). Her actions could damage her husband’s reputation, and would call the paternity of his children into question. Her actions seem to be as bad as possible from the husband’s perspective. These actions are a demonstration of men’s fears about what their wives might do if they were willing and able to deceive their husbands. The Kinsmans’ actions are a stark contrast with Ischomachos’s wife, who after being corrected, never again deceived her husband. Because she was unwilling to deceive her husband, and therefore easy to control, she was an example of the perfect wife. Although Xenophon and Aristophanes were a part of the same society and wrote about Greek men’s desire for their wives to be closely controlled before and after marriage, they explored this desire in very different ways. Xenophon used it to write a text that gave men advice about what to look for in a perfect wife, and how to treat her after they were married. However, Aristophanes was writing comedies so he exaggerated undesired characteristics to create the worst possible wives for comic effect. When both Aristophanes and Xenophon’s works are examined to see how a father’s control over his daughter and the characteristics that make it easier for a husband to control his wife are portrayed, it becomes apparent that Aristophanes and Xenophon were writing about the same desire Greek men had for their wives to be controlled – first by their fathers and then by their husbands. This control was meant to ensure a properly run household, an intact reputation, and undisputed paternity. Because of this desire for control, when Greek women came of age, they passed from the control of their fathers to their husbands.

Westin Pune

THE WESTIN  PUNE, INDIA INDUSTRAIL TRANING REPORT ABHIJIT. MANE YCMOU -2nd YEAR INSTITUTE OF ADVANCE MANAGEMENT, GOA INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE TRAINING REPORT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to convey my sincere thanks to all the people who have supported me  in making the project and especially to all my faculty member and Mr. Anuraj. Bhatnagar & Mr. Sanjay. Kumar for accepting me as a trainee. I am also thankful to the staff of THE  WESTIN who have always been a support in completion of the training & also  been very supportive in the entire tenure ABHIJIT MANE. CONTENTS AN  INTRODUCTION  TO PUNEINTRODUCTION TO THE WESTIN * DEPARTMENTAL  STUDY: 1: F & B SERVICE 2: HOUSEKEEPING 3: FRONT OFFICE 4: PRODUCTION * CONCLUSION * REFERENCE About Pune Pune has been known by a plethora of sobriquets. Popular among them: Queen of the Deccan, cultural capital of Maharashtra, pensioner's paradise and Oxford of the East. Pune is one of the historical cities of India with a glorious past, an innovative present and a promising future. The Pune Municipal Corporation administers the city. Its boundaries extend over four hundred square kilometers and it has a population of  close to four million.Thus, Pune city has been developed in to a Pune metropolitan area, just equal in area to that of Greater Mumbai. It is located 192 km (by rail) and 160km (by road) from Mumbai and is 559 meters above the mean sea level. Being surrounded by beautiful hills and the Sinhagad fort, it has a temperate climate. Water, which is plentiful, is supplied to the city from Panshet, Khadakvasla and Varasgaon dams –all located about thirty kilometers from Pune. Pune is among the greenest urban areas in the country with more than 40 per cent of  its area under green cover.PUNE or Punyanagri as it is called has had a glorious past of nearly 1000 years. Punes history is both illustrious and romantic. The cities historical associations are fast woven with Shivaji Maharaj, the Peshwas and Lo kmanya Tilak. It was here, in the Lal Mahal that Shivaji boldly attacked Aurangzeb’s uncle, and Shaista Khanand won back the lost territories. Later it was ruled by the Peshwas. When Bajirao-Ibecame the Peshwa, he made Pune the headquarters of the army and the Shaniwar Wada was built. Bazaars and shopping plazas. Palaces and ritzy hotels.Temples, mosques, churches and even a synagogue to visit. This sprawling metropolis conjures up myriad images -ancient forts, ornate palaces, lush gardens, shopping arcades, educational institutions and rolling hills. The Ganapati festival celebrated yearly, called the Pune Festival, has made its mark on the tourist map of India. Geographical  Profile  of  Pune: The city of Pune lies between 18 degrees 32 minutes north; 73 degrees 51 minutes East. It has an altitude of  559 meters above mean sea level and has a very pleasant climate. The Temperatures range from 15 degrees C to 35degrees C.The best time to visit is October-March. The W inter Period is between Mid Nov to mid Feb characterized by Dry, cold nights, pleasantly warm days. The spring fall sin between Mid-Feb to end-March having Warm days and pleasant nights Tourist Spots Lal Deval (Synagogue) Lal Deval is conspicuously placed on Moledina Road. The red-brick-and-stone structure built-in the English Gothic style, resembles a church. It is Pune's finest synagogue, built by philanthropist David Sassoon in 1867. Bund Garden Bund Garden lies on the right bank of the Mula Mutha River.Constructed by Sir Jamshedji Jeejeebhoy primarily for providing water to the poor during summer, it has become a popular unwinding spot for citizens with an added attraction of boating facilities and has recently added a well-designed  jogging track. Bund Garden is now known as the Mahatma Gandhi Udyan. The Osho International Commune The Osho International Commune is in Koregaon Park, attracting thousands of foreigners wishing to take part in the meditation courses organized by the Ashram. The Commune was founded by Osho Rajneesh who died in 1990. His Samadhi is situated in the Ashram.The commune has beautiful gardens open to the public in the mornings and evenings. Aga Khan Palace True to its name this place boasts of  Italianate arches and spacious lawns, an un likely place for a prison but the Britishers interned Mahatma Gandhi and his wife Kasturba Gandhi here. The architecture of the palace will take you down memory lane, reminding you of the illustrations from fairy. Shindyanchi  Chhatri Amongst the architectural prides of Pune, the memorial to the great warrior Mahadji Shinde, the commander-in-chief of the Maratha army, between the years 1760 to1780 under the mighty Peshwas.The temple adorned with Rajasthani architecture is an imposing edifice situated at Wanowrie. Shaniwar Wada The historic palace of the Peshwa (Prime Ministers) rulers became the seat of political power during Bajirao reign and became so conspicuous that to this date the palace has become the symbol of the city and its culture. Built in 1736, the Shaniwar Wada was once the palace of the great Peshwa rulers. The wada (Fort) was destroyed by a major fire in 1827, the cause of the fire till today remains a mystery. Parvati Hill and TemplesThe ‘Nagarkhana' drum house, the imposing temple of Parvati and Devdeveshwar are the main structures on the hill. The Parvati museum houses portraits of heroes of the Peshwa dynasty, besides old manuscripts, weapons and coins. A group of beautiful temples of Ganapati and Kartikeya make Parvati add to Parvati attractions. According to the records, the main idol was carved out of gold by craftsmen from Karnataka. After this was stolen in 1932, it was replaced by silver idols plated with gold. The 108 steep climb to the 17th century temple located on top; the hill is also the favorite haunt of  fitness fans.Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum Raja Dinkar Kelkar Museum is housed in a quaint Rajasthani-style building. It holds a o ne-man collection of the most fascinating Indian artifacts. Thirty-six sections of this museum are used to display a plethora of antiques, carved palace doors, pottery, a priceless collection of lamps and musical instruments of the Mughal and Maratha periods. A master piece is the ‘Mastani Mahal' brought and erected as it was from its original place! Bal Gandharv Mandir The home of Marathi Theatre, both commercial and experimental.Throughout the year there are different cultural happenings like exhibitions, theatre, orchestra – instrumental and vocal. Tilak Smarak Mandir Tilak Smarak Mandir on Tilak Road is a building commemorating the great freedom fighter and social reformer Lokmanya Tilak. On the ground floor is a small museum describingTilak's public life and a theatre on the upper floors. SarasBaug Sitting like a flat oyster towards one end of  the city, the sunken Sarasbaug is a place where hundreds of Puneites throng every evening, for their share of fresh air among green surroundings.Adjoining Sarasbaug, across a small narrow road is another garden. This however, is not merely a park but a zoo as well – Peshwa Park. The Film and Television Institute of India The Film and Television Institute of India is situated on Law College Road. It imparts training in all branches of the film and television industry and is known for having produced some of the finest show-business professionals in the country The Katraj Snake Park The Katraj Snake Park has a collection of  reptiles, birds and turtles. Naturalists would delight in the Park's exhibits and activities. The park has also recently added a zoo.Chaturshrungi Temple: Chaturshrungi Temple is situated on a hillock off Senapati Bapat Road. This temple of the goddess attracts droves of devotees during the nine-day Navaratri festival in October. Sinhagad Fort  One of the great forts of Maharashtra is based  in  Pune. This  is  the  place  where  brave soldiers fought for  the fort. Tanaji, one of  the trusted soldiers of Shivaji Maharaja sacrificed his son's wedding  to win  the fort. He was well supported by his uncle Shelar Mama and his brave  Marathas. The fort  was  named Sinhgad from Kondana, after this brave Maratha who fought till death like a true lion.HISTORY OF PUNE History of Pune Down the centuries, Pune has been ruled by several dynasties. The earliest evidence found (copper plates of 758 A. D. and of 768 A. D. ) reveals that the Rashtrakootas ruled this region then. At that time, Pune was referred to as Punaka Vishaya and Punya Vishaya. Copper plates of 960 A. D. and 963 A. D. refer to it as Punaka Wadi and Punaka Desha. Here Vishaya means region. Later on, the city has been mentioned as Kasabe Pune. The Pune Gazetteer explains the term Pune as Punya – a holy place. In Hindu tradition, a confluence (sangama) of two rivers is sacred.Hence, this city, where there is a confluence of two rivers, is Punyanagari. After th e Rashtrakootas, Pune was ruled by the Yadavadynasty. After the fall of this dynasty, it came under Muslim dominance till the middle of the seventeenth century. With the emergence of Chatrapati Shivaji, who founded the Maratha Empire, Pune became known to the Delhi Sultanate. Shivaji, spent his early childhood in Pune at Lal Mahal, a palace built by his father Shahaji, where Shivaji's mother Jijabai lived for a decade. Dadaji Konddev, Shivaji's mentor, developed Pune city. He constructed temple of Ganesha called Kasba Ganapati.This is the grama devata where invitations for all religious functions are first offered be it for a marriage, upanayana ceremony or any other functions. It was in this Lal Mahal that Shivaji attacked the Moghuls and defeated Shahiste khan, the  uncle of Aurangzeb After the death of Shivaji in 1680 and the cold blooded murder of his son Sambhaji, Aurangzeb named Pune as Muhiyabad. Pune gained importance during the period of the second Peshwa Thorala (senior) Bajirao who ruled from1720 to 1740. During his time, the palace of the Peshwas –Shaniwar wada was built.The various mahals or buildings were constructed by different Peshwas. There are still remains of a fountain with thousand outlets called Hazari Karanje. It was Thorala Bajirao who expanded the Maratha Empire into north and central provinces. Nanasaheb Peshwas acceded Thorala Bajirao Peshwa and ruled the Maratha kingdom from 1740 to 1761. He tried to control the Nizamand maintained peace. He was instrumental in urbanizing Pune city and encouraged the setting up of Peths or wards in Pune. He constructed the famous Parvati Temple complex, a pride of  Pune city.He designed a water supply system from Katraj Lake that lies to the south of Pune city. A number of temples and palaces were constructed during his time. Due to the family fueds that ensued thereafter, the Maratha power came to an end in 1818, when the British led by Mount Stuart Elphinstone defeated them and establi shed the British Raj in this region. During this period, the French, the Portuguese and the British powers established contacts with the Peshwas, sent representatives for various functions. Pune and Delhi were the only centers of power during this century.Pune has been recognised as asset of learning and the Deccan College (1851) led the educational movement in Pune. Tilak, Agarkar, Bhandarkar and other luminaries of the nineteenth century studied in the Deccan College. They studied in the English language, but a literary movement was started by organizing the first Marathi literary conference in 1878. Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade,V. K. Chiplunkar and others took lead in this sphere of life. Tilak, Agarkar, Nam Joshi and Principal Apte founded the Deccan Education Society and its Fergusson College in 1885.The New English School (1880), the Nutan Marathi Vidyalaya (1883) and the MES Society's HighSchool (1875) were started. Soon after, a high school for Indian girls was established in1884. A new generation of educated Indians started the freedom movement under the leadership of Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak. He started two newspapers, the Maratha in English (January 1, 1881) and the Kesri in Marathi (January 4, 1881). Through these newspapers, Tilak aroused interest in national education, national language, swadeshi and swarajyai – the four fold aims for independence. Swaraj is my birthright† was the slogan given by Tilak to the rest of India . Gopal Krishna Gokhale is another builder of modern India who established the Servants of  India Society and represented Indian interests in the imperial legislative council. Mahatma Gandhi considered him his guru. Maharshi Dhondo Keshav Karve is yet another gem of  modern India, who throughout his life fought for the upliftment of women, started a college for them and established the first Indian University for women, named SNDT Women’s University. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1958.Senior Wr angler R. P. Paranjape is another luminary from Pune who sacrificed higher salaries and worked as the principal of  Fergusson College for over twenty years. Mahatma Jyotiba Phule started education for women and struggled hard for the upliftment of the depressed classes. Shrimati Anandibai Joshi was the first lady to complete medical education in the USA. Thus, we find the origin of various movements – social, religious, educational, political, economic and literary-, in Pune city HISTORY OF HOTEL In 1930, hotel owners Severt W.Thurston and Frank Duper, both of  Yakima, Washington  USA, formed a  partnership in order to manage their hotels more efficiently. Together with Peter and Adolph Schmidt they formed Western Hotels, with seventeen properties, all but one in the state of  Washington. Early management developed each property individually. After more than two decades of rapid growth, prompting a name change in 1954 to Western International Hotels, many of its   properties were merged into a single corporate structure in 1958, and the company went public in1963.For its 50th anniversary in 1980, it changed its name again to the current Westin Hotels &Resorts . In 1970 , the chain was acquired by UAL Corporation. In 1987, UAL Chairman Richard Ferris announced a plan to make UAL into Allegis, a travel conglomerate based around United Airlines, Hertz Rent a Car, Hilton  Hotels, and Westin and linked by Apollo. This strategy failed, however, and Westin was sold in 1988 to Aoki Corporation of  Japan. In 1994 Aoki sold it to Starwood Capital, real estate investment firm and parent of  Starwood Lodging, and Goldman Sachs, an investment bank.In 1998 Starwood assumed full ownership of the company. Westin claims to have been the first hotel chain to introduce guest credit cards (in 1946), 24-hour  room service (1969), and personal voice mail in each room (1991). Westin markets certain amenities available in its properties to the public under t he brand name   Heavenly In 2005, Westin became the first hotel company to gain a national retail store presence when  Nordstrom started carrying the   Heavenly Bed Line in more than 60  stores . Westin refreshed its partnership with United Airlines in 2008.United offers pillows and blankets from their Heavenly Bed line on select united premium service routes between New York City and California, as well as Westin decorations and scents  in some Red Carpet Club lounges Starwood Hotels and Resorts were originally formed by the real estate investment firm Starwood Capital to take advantage of a tax break; at the time the company was known as Starwood Lodging. Initially, Starwood Lodging owned a number of hotels throughout North America, all under different brand names. The Westin Hotel Company was purchased in 1994 from Aoki Corporation of Japan.Starwood acquired the Sheraton, Four Points by Sheraton, and The Luxury Collection brands from ITT Sheraton  in 1998. In 1999, St arwood launched their â€Å"W† Hotels brand. In September 2005, Starwood announced the launch of aloft, a new hotel brand based on W. aloft Hotels catered toward  business travelers . Starwood intends to have 500 aloft hotels worldwide by 2012. In 2005, Starwood purchased the Le Meridian brand, which greatly increased the company's operations in Europe. In 2004, Starwood's founder and CEO Barry Sternlicht stepped down as CEO to focus his attention on his other firm, Starwood Capital.He remained on the Board of Directors until 2005. He was succeeded as CEO by Steven J. Heyer, and Starwood began selling a number of its company-owned hotels, instead focusing on becoming a management company and franchiser  Ã‚  for its current and future hotel brands. In April 2007, Steven J. Heyer  left the company on their request of the Board of Directors because of an issue with Heyer's management style and after  allegations of personal misconduct. Chairman of the Board Bruce Duncan served as interim CEO until September 2007, when the company announced Heyer's successor, Frits van PaasscheBRANDS (The  following list of  Starwood brands  is chronological, according  to each brand's entry  into  Starwood) Westin The historic Westin Book-Cadillac Hotel in downtown Detroit . Main Westin Hotels   The Westin Hotels and Resorts Brand is Starwood's largest upscale hotels and resorts brand. It was bought by Starwood in 1994 and is also the oldest brand within Starwood, dating back to1930 Sheraton Sheraton Poznan Sheraton Hotels and Resorts Sheraton is Starwood's ‘flagship' brand, providing luxury hotel and resort accommodation.It  began operating in 1937 and was sold to Starwood in 1998 by ITT. Four Points by Sheraton Points by Sheraton Four Points by Sheraton  was launched by ITT in 1995  as a mid-scale hotel brand. Originally the  brand was created by re-naming existing Sheraton â€Å"Inns† (a smaller, limited service version of  S heraton Hotels). The new name avoided the confusion Some guests found in having two hotel categories (full service and mid-scale) with the same name (Sheraton). These hotels joined Starwood along with Sheraton in 1998   The Luxury Collection The historic Hotel Imperial in Vienna.The Luxury Collection Brand began when ITT Sheraton purchased a controlling interest in CIGA (Campania Italian a Grande Alberghi, or Italian Grand Hotels Company), an Italian hotel chain, in 1994. Those hotels, as well as a number of top-tier Sheraton Hotels, were then marketed as ITT Sheraton Luxury Hotels. After Starwood bought Sheraton, they established a separate  brand identity for The Luxury Collection and expanded it greatly. Both ITT Sheraton and later  Starwood kept CIGA's original logo (the four horses of St. Mark) for The Luxury Collection  brand logo until 2009; each Luxury Collection hotel now uses its own logo.Many hotels in The Luxury Collection are smaller establishments in converted palaces or other  significant buildings; others are  lavishly restored historic hotels. Confusingly, eight hotels in The Luxury Collection Which were originally part of the ITT Sheraton Luxury group kept their   Sheraton Name, although the Luxury division is now a completely separate brand under Starwood . The following hotels operate  using their old Sheraton names, but within The Luxury Collection: Sheraton Sofia Hotel Balkan – Sofia, Bulgaria Sheraton Algarve Hotel – Albufeira, Portugal Sheraton Park Tower Hotel – London, UK Sheraton Ankara Hotel – Ankara, TurkeySheraton Addis – Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Sheraton Kuwait Hotel &and Towers – Kuwait Sheraton Grande Sukhumi – Bangkok, Thailand Sheraton Grande Laguna – Phuket, Thailand W Hotels The W Hotel in Washington, D. C. is located in the former Hotel Washington, built in 1918 to the designs of architectural firm Carrere and Hastings. The building is listed on the Natio nal Register of Historic Places. W Hotels is Starwood's luxury boutique hotel brand, launched in 1998. The hotel brand, which generally markets towards a younger crowd, was launched in 1998 with its first property, W  New York, at 541 Lexington Avenue in Manhattan.The brand has expanded internationally with  properties opening first in Mexico City, Seoul, and Istanbul. The brand's first resort property is W Maldives Retreat & Spa. The W Barcelona hotel was W's first in Western Europe and opened in October 2009. It features futuristic design by architect Ricardo Bo fills in the shape of a sail. Standing 26 stories tall, it can  be seen from all over the city. The property is located next to the beach and boasts private access to it. It also includes a Bliss spa, gym and conference facilities.A new W Hotel was opened in early 2010 in Hollywood, CA with a Vegas-style nightclub called Drays designed by Victor Dari, followed by the opening of their fourth hotel in New York City's D owntown District in August. The W plans to double its number of properties by 2011 with hotels planned in Austin, Texas (2010); Taipei, Taiwan (2010); Marrakech, Morocco (2011); Guangzhou, China (2011); Bangkok, Thailand (2011); Paris, France (2011); Athens, Greece (2011); St. Petersburg, Russia (2011); and London (2011) where the Hotel is located in Leicester  Square and opened on February 14th 2011.Retreat & spa properties are planned in Bali, Indonesia (2010) and Koh Samui, Thailand (2010). Future hotel properties in Singapore (2012), Milan, Italy (2012); Amman, Jordan (2012); Abu Dhabi, UAE (2012); Santa Fe, Mexico (2013); and Cairo, Egypt (2016) have been planned as well as a retreat & spa property in Riviera Maya, Mexico (2014). Starwood is planning the W Hotel's first ski retreat in Verbier, Switzerland (2012), bringing the total number of W Hotels to 55. St. Regis The St. Regis New York. Is Starwood's main luxury brand, launched in 1999 . It is named for the flagship St.Re gis Hotel in New York, which was built in 1904 in Manhattan at 5th Avenue and 55th Street  by John Jacob Astor IV, who also founded the Astoria Hotel (which later became the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel) and who died in 1912 on the RMS Titanic. In the 1930s, head bartender  Fern and Petit, introduced the Bloody Mary  cocktail. The St. Regis was a Sheraton from the 1960s on, and following a lavish restoration in 1988 was part of the ITT Sheraton Luxury division before it  became the cornerstone of Starwood's new brand. All St. Regis properties except The Lanes borough in London use The St. Regis name. Le MeridienLe Meridien: Le Meridien was founded by Air France in 1972 and was sold to Starwood in 2005, by which  point it was based in the UK. It has 130 properties worldwide and its first property was LeMeridien Etoile in France. Aloft Aloft Hotels: Aloft is a mid-scale, urban-style business / boutique hotel brand. The brand was launched in2005 as a ‘vision of W Hotels', a re lationship similar to Four Points by Sheraton and its ‘brand  parent', Sheraton. It has been criticized for being too slick and formulaic. Element by Westin: Announced in 2006, this is Starwood's first brand of hotels intended to be environmentally friendly.The designs include energy and water efficient features. The first Element hotel opened in Lexington, Massachusetts in July 2008. As of April 2010, there are seven Element hotels in operation in Denver (Park Meadows), Las Vegas (Summerlin), Houston (Vintage Park), Dallas (DFW Airport), Ewing NJ, Lexington, and Arundel Mills (BWI Airport). Two Element hotels are scheduled to open within the next year, in New York City and Omaha, Nebraska. Element hotels are built eco-friendly from the ground up, from the floors made of recycled materials to energy-efficient lighting and  plumbing fixture Starwood Preferred Guest PartnershipsIt has credit card partnerships with American Express (MBNA Canada Bank  partnership replaced by American Express in 2010). Starwood Preferred Guest also has a partnership with 32affiliatedairlinesallowing guests to redeem their points for flights under the â€Å"SPG Flights†Ã‚  program. According to Starwood Hotels and Resorts' corporate profile, the SPG program Have over 41 million members. Star Points Star Points can be used by Starwood Preferred Guest Members (SPG) to redeem Free nights at Starwood's hotel properties. In addition, they can be used for merchandise with their partners such as GAP, Westin at Home, Nordstrom and more.Member Tiers/Levels There are 3 main levels of Starwood Preferred Guest. First, there is the basic level, preferred. Next, there is gold level. Lastly, there is Platinum Level. Each  level has better perks. They can  be found on the SPG Website In addition to obtaining these statuses through hotel nights, all Starwood Vacation Ownership owners are automatically enrolled into the Gold Starwood Preferred Guest Program. Some owners of seve ral weeks (5* Elite Owners) are enrolled into the Platinum Starwood Preferred Guest program ROOMS The Westin Pune Koregaon Park offers 277 guestrooms. Balconies open to city or river views .Guestrooms are individually furnished and decorated. Pillow top beds feature signature bedding, triple sheeting, and down comforters. Rooms are furnished with desks and ergonomic chairs. 40-inch LCD televisions come with premium satellite channels, free movie channels, and first-run movies. Wired and wireless high-speed Internet access is available for a surcharge; multi-line  phones, complimentary newspapers, and in-room safes (accommodate laptops) are also provided. Coffee/tea makers are provided. Bathrooms include  separate bathtubs and showers with handheld showerheads, bathrobes, slippers, and makeup/shaving mirrors.Washers/dryers, separate sitting areas, and mini bars are also included. A nightly turndown service and housekeeping are  provided. Amenities available on request include h ypo-allergenic bedding. Cribs (infant beds) and rollaway beds are also available. Rooms are accessible via exterior corridors. DINING The Westin Pune Koregaon Park  has 6 restaurants serving breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Guests are offered complimentary hot and cold buffet breakfast. 24-hour room service is available. Dining The Westin Pune  Koregaon Park with its six restaurants and bars is the destination to refuel, replenish and refresh.Three unique eateries, one specialty food store and cafe, a lobby lounge, and a bar provide a  wide range of culinary delights  as well as myriad moments to savor. Our all-day dining restaurant, Seasonal Tastes offers a contemporary buffet and a la carte menu for a unique combination of Asian and international cuisine. Dramatic buffet displays and interactive stations present an exciting dining experience. People; Passion; Pleasure! Prego is a modern Italian restaurant serving authentic regional home-style dishes. Hearty signature dishes a nd an open pizza oven make for a lively and aromatic meal.The refined Kangan features delightfully authentic Indian food from the North-West Frontier. A tandoor show kitchen is the restaurant's central feature, allowing you to look on as culinary artists expertly assemble your meal before your eyes. Make Daily Treats your everyday, one-stop shopping destination for delectable gourmet delicatessen items. Take them with you or relax in the cozy deli while you recharge with a hot coffee or specialty beverage. [email  protected], overlooking the Mula Mutha River, offers a stylish setting in which to relax with friends over handcrafted martinis, alluring wines, specialty coffees and teas, and snacks.SPA The Westin Pune Koregaon Park has a full-service spa featuring massage/treatment rooms, facials, body treatments, and beauty services. Body treatments Facial treatments Features; Activities Renew your total health and wellness at The Westin Pune Koregaon Park. Our beautiful outdoor  i nfinity pool creates an exciting visual impact, not to mention a refreshing place for exercise or  utter relaxation, while our state-of-the-art fitness and health facilities in the  Westin WORKOUT ®Gym offer an experience of well-being and serenity for all our guests.Our Heavenly Spa by Westin? helps the body shed fatigue and stress to encourage balance, repose, and wellness. Clear your mind. Free  your senses. The hotel presents a multilingual staff committed to offering a unique blend of personal and instinctive service. Our Business Centre provides services 24 hours a day to ease executives’ worries and help complete tasks efficiently and successfully. Elemental amenities and personal touches such as parking and a gift shop help make your stay convenient and comfortable. We welcome families, and will pay special attention to your needs.The Westin Kids Club ® is a  program that provides for children's safety and security as well as providing conveniences designe d to make your overnight and dining experiences more enjoyable for both parents and children Hotel Features Concierge Desk Our concierge is here to make your stay as enjoyable as possible. If you have questions or need local area information, tourist information, dining suggestions, tickets or reservations, simplyask? our multilingual staff stands ready to assist. Westin Executive Club LoungeClub floor guests enjoy exclusive access to the upscale Executive Club Lounge, offering all-day tea and coffee service, continental breakfast, evening cocktails and snacks. Subject to availability, a private meeting room is an  ideal gathering spot. Outdoor Pool   A refreshing view of the Mula Mutha River from our expansive infinity pool with cascading waterfall makes this a sublime setting for relaxing in the sun. Accessible to all resident and Westin Club guests. Food and beverage service offered. Poona Club Golf Course This 18-hole course, located in the city centre just 10 minutes away f rom the hotel, is managed  by the Poona Club.This beautiful course has no green fee for hotel guests. Transportation from the hotel is available for a  nominal charge. Westin WORKOUT ® Gym Our gym is operational around the clock with the latest equipment from Star Trac ®. Free weights, lat pull down, dumbbells, treadmills, and other weight and cardio equipment make this an ideal place to raise your heart rate and enjoy the process. Westin Kids Club ® A value to both children and parents, Westin Kids Club ® is a unique program that takes care of your children while you are busy, while also providing a fun learning opportunity and enhancing their talents. Business CentreOur full service Business Centre is designed to accommodate the busy lifestyles and minute-by-minute demands on our guests. Heavenly Spa by  Westin Experience a unique urban sanctuary where East meets west. We will provide you the best spa experience possible through quality products and services. Indulge yourself with our innovative and luxurious treatments for absolute peace and  repose. Unwind(SM) Transition from day to night, and renew your state of mind. Here in Pune, you'll enjoy a variety of evening unwind(SM) activities to relax and recharge, from Indian folk dancing to footer flex logy to a lesson in the art  of Henna application.BUSINESS CENTRE Designed to meet the needs of today’s business traveler, Westin hotels and resorts provide services and amenities that take productivity to  new levels. Experience ease and comfort throughout your stay with services like wireless internet that can be accessed from guest rooms and the lobby, and high-speed internet access throughout the hotel. Our Business Center offers many of the services required by today’s business traveler, including faxing and printing capabilities. Westin Clutter-Free Meetings helps planners and guests stay organized and productive with an open room design and layout and socially conscious amenities.Streamlined stations provide  paper, pens, glasses, water and other thoughtful touches, keeping the main work area uncluttered and organized. ?Green? features such as energy-efficient light bulbs, double-sided meeting pads and water pitchers in lieu of bottled water help eliminate waste and reduce consumption. *Before and after your meetings, you can sharpen your mind and rid your body of stress with thoughtful amenities such as in-room gyms, menus rich in SuperFoodsRx ® and luxurious spa services. And once your work is done, reward yourself with a game of golf, a relaxing massage or a glass of wine during Unwind  « A  Westin EveningRitual(SM). You’ve earned it. SUPER-FOODS Eat, drink and be healthy. One of the ways that Westin has made it easy for guests to maintain a healthy lifestyle is with the introduction of our extensive SuperFoodsRx(TM)* menu. We are the first hotel to offer signature SuperFoodsRx menu with more than 10 delicious options from steel-c ut oatmeal and  blueberry smoothies to smoked turkey tacos and broccoli and cheddar omelets. These nutrient-rich dishes are available on our in-room dining menu in addition to being offered a la carte and in the breakfast buffet  downstairs .We have teamed with doctors and nutritionists to create a menu that cultivates ? food synergy,? or  the pairing of certain foods to increase their nutritional value. We pass this knowledge on to you on our menus and buffet fact sheets, which detail all the nutritional benefits of each food and how they work in combination with each other. It’s just one of the many ways Westin is committed to your wellness, from the inside out. Meetings ; Weddings Our 1,470 square meters of meeting space with eight meeting or function rooms will transform your meeting or event into  something truly remarkable.The Westin Pune Koregaon Park's unique blend of personal and instinctive service, custom-designed menus, and the latest meetings technology w ill provide everything you need for memorable event. Eight flexible meeting or function rooms? including 1,050 square meters of  refined special-event space? guarantees an energized and inspired meeting, conference, wedding or gala social function. All rooms feature the latest in audiovisual technology as well as wireless and High Speed Internet  Access. A dedicated meeting and banquet floor houses our Business Centre as well as offering wireless High Speed Internet Access throughout.With state-of-the-art videoconferencing features and services available in every meeting venue, all events can be tailored to your specific needs. Our  wedding specialist is available to help as you begin crafting your perfect day, and our  experienced and professional Catering Sales Manager will ensure that each event meets your  wishes and is a success Distance from commercial areas | | Airport| 06km| Deccan Gymkhana| 15km| Pune Railway Station| 06km| Shivajinagar| 19km| M. G Road| 09km| Kor egaon Park| 1km| Pune University| 20km| HinjewadiPimpri/Chinchwadi| 9km25km| DESIGNATION Position| Name| General Manager| Mr.Anurag Bhatnagar| F&B Manager| Mr. Chandan Thakur| Banquet Manager| Mr. Murari Prasad| Restaurant Manager| Mr. J. K. Pilli| Front Office Manager| Mrs. Sonali Zagade| G. R. E| Mrs. Noorjanha Khan| Executive Chef| Mr. Santosh Zori| Executive HousekeeperSales Marketing ManagerH. R ManagerTraining Manager| Mr. ZulfikarMrs. Megha MathurMr. Jagdeep ShettyMr. Sanjay Kumar| FOOD & BEVERAGE SERVICES: INTRODUCTION Hotels have two branches of hospitality  ± the accommodation operations – service & the other one is food & beverage department . Various subdivision  of F  &  B  service department is: RestaurantsRoom service Banquet Bar Pastry shop Coffee shop Cafeteria RESTAURANT- Restaurant is a commercial establishment committed to the sale of food & beverage. A restaurant may be a licensed part of a hotel operations, where by the sale of restaurant contr ibute to the sales performance of the hotel as a whole. Restaurant may be I independent business entities under individual ownership &management.. Basically restaurants provide table & chairs for people to sit & eat food prepared by an attached kitchen. ROOM SERVICE The room service department is responsible for service of food & beverage in guest room.It is a 24hrs facility provided to the guests of the hotel. The  different types  of  restaurants in  THE WESTIN are Daily Treats With freshly-baked breads, pastries and cakes and a delectable sandwich bar plus an enviable collection of cookbooks, innovative lifestyle products, and eclectic food and beverage events, Daily Treats is an everyday stop on your schedule. Cuisine: Deli Dress Code: Casual Hours: 8:00 AM – 10:00 PM Atmosphere: Coffee & Conversations Setting: Casual K  angan Our  stylish  Indian  restaurant serving delectable North-West frontier  and  Hyderabad  cuisine.An open tan door kitchen add s a dramatic element to the venue. Authentic flavors are given contemporary presentation in this unique family-style eatery. Cuisine: Indian Dress Code: Casual Sophistication Hours: 6:30 PM – 12:00 AM Atmosphere: Elegant Setting: Indoor [email  protected] This modern, cozy and stylish lounge allows guests meet and mix with a scenic view of the river. [email  protected] boasts the best selection of wines, vodkas and whiskies around. Up-front and  personable, the bartenders are here to  serve and entertain. Cuisine: International Dress Code: Casual Hours: 5:00 PM – 1:00 AM Atmosphere: Warm and CasualSetting: Indoor Prego: People, passion, pleasure: this enjoyable eatery offers a lively atmosphere for tasty pizzas, regional pastas, and hearty and creative Italian food trends. The perfect setting to enjoy an authentic Italian meal with a healthy dash  of fun! Cuisine: Italian Dress Code: Casual Hours: Tuesday – Sunday 12:30 PM – 3:30 PM, 6:30 PM â⠂¬â€œ 12:00 AM; Atmosphere: Casual Setting: Informal Seasonal Tastes An interactive dining destination serving a contemporary buffet of Asian and international cuisines highlighting the fresh and in season, Seasonal Tastes is open for breakfast, lunch and dinner.We also offer of an  irresistible a la carte  menu. Cuisine: International Dress Code: Casual Hours: 24 Hours Atmosphere: Casual Q-bar  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Chill out and relax in this hip and intimate Latin American club. Featuring signature  cocktails and an extensive collection of premium vodkas, whiskeys and wines, plus intriguing small-plate tapas. DJs and live music add to  the festive atmosphere. Dress Code: Closed-Toe Shoes Required Parking: Valet Parking available at the Main Porch and Banquet Lobby Atmosphere: Vibrant Setting: Hip & Classy FRONT-OFFICE INTRODUCTIONThe front office may be regarded as the show window of the hotel and hence must be well designed in the first place and maintained in a well organized and orderly manner. Regardless of how the hotel is organized the front office is always an essential focal point . Front office is the name Given to all offices situated in the front of the house, that is, the lobby, such offices where the guest is received, provided information, his luggage is handled, his accounts are settled at departure, and his problems, complaints and suggestion are looked after.The front desk is the link between the guest and the co-ordination of all guest services. It serves as a main channel of both way communication i. e. from hotel to guest and guest to the hotel . hotel terminology includes terms such as front of the house and bake-of-the house this front of the-house term includes those portion of the hotel with which the guest comes in direct  contact during his period  of occupation , such  as building exterior, lobby front desk ,gust room , function rooms , etc. the back of-the-house areas are those with which the guest generally do not come in con tact such as the pay roll ,accounting epartment , food preparation  centre , repairs and maintenance and  laundry ,  etc . The front office is the main controlling centre of all guest services, and also co-ordinate  as  the back  office functions  with  these  services Reservation The reservation section is very important section of front office as this section deals with the important of booking rooms for the free individual traveler guest as well as group. Reception or reservation: The reception department is one of the most important of the front office as this of the sections remains indirect contact with guest right from the time their arrival till their time of departure.Cash: The cash section maintains the various accounts of the guests during their stay at the hotel. It also insures that the various account of the guest accurate and complete regularly by process of night. Bell desk: Bell desk staff with who the guest are in contact the moment entire lobby o f the hotel. The bell boy helps the guest in transporting their luggage to their respective rooms. Telephone Exchange: This department performs the important job of directing the various incoming as well as outgoing telephone calls of the hotel.They also compile the bill of the guest incurring various STDs and ISDs call charge and provide wake-up calls to the guest. Information: The information section plays an important role in providing valuable information to guests regarding the hotel, city and the country at large. Booking reservation: All front office and reservations personnel will alt facilities, packages, special sand corporate programmer to effectively sell accommodations and properly record reservations. * Reservations will be accepted by front office or reservations staff 24 hrs per day.All personnel are to be comfortable using suggestive selling techniques. * The information must be neat, accurate and complete. * Dates requested must be available. * A complete reservati on includes: * First name, middle initial, last name * Complete address * Telephone number * Arrival date * Arrival time * Departure date * Number of persons GROUP BOOKING: * The front offices will co- ordinate the booking of group rooms with the hotel sales. * Group room blocks will be recorded on charts to maintain room inventory. Accurate and complete group information will provide by the hotel sales to the front office on the monthly group booking chart. * Group booking confirmation & all group correspondence will be kept on file by arrival date. * Provision will be made to ensure that all details of the booking agreement are carried out as arranged. Preconvention and all group correspondence will be kept on file by arrival date. * The reservation manager will review rooms blocks vs. pick ? ups daily within the reservation system to maintain room s inventory. Business lost due to all space being held by groups should be reported to the hotel Sales immediately. * All Reservations and front office personne4 will be providing complete information regarding booking TELEPHONES The telephone operator handles both in-house & outside calls & transfers them wherever needed. She is completely in-charged & responsible. Her shift timing is from 10. 00am to 7. 00 pm. In her absence she forwards the calls to the reception& the receptionists on duty look after the calls. Instruments Used 1. EPBX (electronic private branch of exchange) 2. Computer . Printer 4. Xerox machine 5. Fax machine Registers maintained: 1. STD/ISD call register 2. Wake up call register Concierge (Bell desk) Functions 1. Postage 2. Message 3. Check in (carry luggage) 4. Check out (carry luggage) 5. Provide newspaper 6. Provide stretcher, wheel chair if required 7. Assisting guests 8. Purchasing items required by the guests from outside Note; Newspaper is complimentary; If guest requires some medicines from outside then they charged. HOUSEKEEPING: INTRODUCTION Housekeeping is the most important depar tment in a hotel, as people want to stay in a clean hotel.It is the biggest physical area in many hotels. Housekeeping is responsible for maintenance of a clean, pleasant and orderly environment the housekeeping department is the nerve center of  the  hotel. It  is  responsible  for  cleanliness,  maintenance  and  aesthetic  upkeep  of  the  hotel  . It  takes  a  well  organized  approach  and  technicalunderstanding to enable housekeeping to cope with the volume of  work. Housekeeping standards have a  direct bearing on  forming aneverlasting  impression  and  impact  in  the  mind  of  the  guest. A  cleanhotel is the foremost requirement of every visitor putting up the  hotel. tandard  cleanliness  is  the  basic  responsibility  of  thehousekeeping  department  repeat  clientele  and  generation  of  maximumrevenue  depends  upon  the  efficient  and  smooth  running   of  thehousekeeping operation. To have such efficiency, there should be a proper network, so that maximum service can be provided to the guest and for this, each one should put in ones best efforts. STAFFING * One floor supervisor, one public area supervisor, one line room supervisor, mini-bar supervisor & one desk attendant reports in the morning. * 18 Room boys & 12 public area boys come in the morning shift. Executive House Keeper comes for the general shift. The desk attendant supervisor or any other supervisor is supposed to take note of  the expected arrivals, expected departure, V. I. P. arrivals for the hotel promotions, group check-ins / check-outs, guest comments & feedback, special in-house guest, special requests if any, complaints, & any relevant inter office correspondence &mentions the same on the white board displayed The desk attendant supervisor or any other supervisor is supposed to take note of  the expected arrivals, expected departure, V. I. P. rrival s for the hotel promotions, group check-ins / check-outs, guest comments & feedback, special in-house guest, special requests if any, complaints, & any relevant inter office correspondence &mentions the same on the white board displayed. MINI BAR * Objective Effective & quick system of refilling room upon consumption/check-outs & controlled replenishments. * Location – 2nd floor * No. of mini bars -277 * Staff strength – 03 MINI BAR SETUP 1. Kenly  packaged  drinking  water  (  1  lt. )  05 2. Cola  (300ml)  02 3. Lemon  (Sprite-300ml)  02 4. Orange  (Fanta-300ml)  02 5. Pint  Beer  (Foster-330ml)  02 . Salted  Wafers  (40g-basket)  01 7. Roasted  Almond  (30g)  01 8. Kitchen  chocolate  01 9. Snickers  chocolate  02 10. Creamers 04 11. Absolute  vodka (90ml)  02 12. Black  dog  Whisky  (90ml)  02 The supervisor in charge of mini bar looks after this section in the housekeeping department with the assistan ce of another room boy. The consumption is checked in the morning & note. This is charged daily to the guest through the reception. Then depending on the consumption the mini bar is refilled . A mini consumption register is maintained which contains the consumption of  every room day wise along with the bill numbers.The closing stock of the mini bar is also mentioned daily Cleaning Equipment * Vacuum cleaner * Mopping trolley * Mechanical Brush for porch cleaning Cleaning Agents 1. R3  Bathroom  cleaner 2. R6 W. C. 3. R4  Room  Freshener 4. R2  All  Purpose 5. R5  Wooden  Surface 6. R6  All  Purposes 7. Helios  Bathroom  Fixtures 8. Spotter  Carpet  spotting 9. Lemon  zee  Hard  stain 10. Behold  Wooden  Furniture UNIFORM ROOM: The hotel has a separate uniform room for the staff, situated at the basement level. Each staff is issued with three pairs of uniforms. Each staff has a number which is monogrammed on the uniform for easier identificati on.Manager supervisors have their names written Laundry: THE WESTIN does not have its own in-house Laundry. Linen, uniforms &guests laundry are given on contract basis outside the premises. There are separate contractors for guest’s laundry & linen & a separate contractor for staff uniforms. The laundry taken is written own and a returnable gate pass is made. On bringing the laundry this pass is show & the items are counted . The discrepancy is taken note of. Guest laundry is given in a laundry bag with the particular room number written on it.They are received in a similar way too. Thereafter the room boys return the laundry to the guests;after  they  are  charged,  while  servicing  the  :  In  seasons  hotel  have  off  premises  laundry  which  is  given  on  contract  basis  the  laundering  of  both  guest  and  hotel  linen  is  done  on  contract by  an  external  laundry  . Allthe  linen  isà ‚  collected  in  the  linen  room  from  where  it  is  dispersed  to  thelaundry  for  washing  the  guest  and  hotel  linen  is  done  on  contract  by  anexternal  laundry. All  the linen is collected in the linen room from where it is dispersed to the laundry for washing room.FOOD PRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION Room sales & food sales of the hotels revenue are earned by the service outlets, the food production departments hand is more important as it determines the sales volume. So it is often said Food is The Life of the Hotel The main kitchen is planned in such a way to have an easy accessibility to all the service outlets & important areas. The kitchen is divided into section with skilled employees working in it. The stewarding area is attached to the main kitchen The kitchen for the staff is separate & is not related to the main kitchen.The raw material is picked up from the main store. Hotels are justly proud of their reputati on for fine cuisine and elegant dining. Food production is an integral part of the service of the hotel. When the guest arrives at the hotel he not only expects a comfortable and relax stay, but he also expects good food of the highest possible standards. Especially In today times with growing competition it very essential that the hotel tries to provides as many food outlets to the guest serving various kinds of quality cuisines. Food production is the conversion of food from the raw to the palatable state.It is no longer a profession concealed in mystery like the secrets of ancients. The great wealth of knowledge and the most of the secrets are available easily today with its formula. There are principle, procedures and techniques in the food production as they are in other filed As the simple as sounds . It refers to any service rendered to gratify basic human needs of hunger and joy of eating and drinking for physiological satisfaction. Cookery is define as a chemical process, t he mixing of  ingredients, the application and with drawl of it decision making, technical knowledge and manipulating skill.In the more advance stages further element occurs that the creativity. Cookery is considered to be both and art and a technology. THE KITCHEN SUBDIVISIONS In the hotel, they use the decentralized system of kitchen functioning though in some places centralized system is used. The main section the food production departments THEWESTIN Hotel are: MAIN KITCHEN This section of kitchen is divided into three subsections. Soup section Hot Range (Continental) Indian GARDEMANGER This section deals with the cold meat and food the department.It serves to all the outlets of the hotel such as butler’s pantry, room service, coffee shop, Ian Rochelle, other section of the kitchen, etc. BAKERY This is the section of the kitchen working continuously and producing high quality cakes, Pastries, desserts, bread rolls, etc. BUTCHERY Butchery in hotel terminology is also cal led meat fabrications as it is involved in changing the form of meat, poultry, and fish etc form unclean large chunks to clean and appropriate sizes as required for various purposes. SPECIALTY KITCHEN These are the kitchen solely working for the restaurant they are attached These kitchen are producing only the typed of cuisines by the restaurant. The kitchen work on break shift basis except for the North West frontier cuisine kitchen as it involves a great deal of cooking over a long period of time. BANQUET KITCHEN Specially meant for banquet functions Food Hygiene, Health and  Safety Introduction This module makes an important contribution to the supervisory aspects of food hygiene and safety. Supervisors with food safety and health and safety responsibilities need to ensure that all staff operate in a safe, hygienic and efficient manner.The overall aims of this module are to ensure students are familiar with key aspects of current legislation, good practice and health, safety an d food  safety issues. Food  hygiene is a broad term used to describe the preservation and preparation of foods in a manner that ensures the food is safe for human consumption. This process of kitchen safety includes proper storage of food items prior to use, maintaining a clean environment when  preparing the food, and making sure that all serving dishes are clean and free of bacteria that could lead to  some type of contamination.The food storage aspect of food hygiene is focused on maintaining the quality of the food, so that it will be fresh when used in different recipes. With dry goods, proper food hygiene calls for  Ã‚  placing items such as sugar or flour in airtight containers that are clean and dry. The containers are then placed into a  pantry or reside on a kitchen counter where they are relatively safe from humidity and extreme temperatures. In like manner, meats must be stored properly as part of proper food hygiene.Many people choose to use containers espe cially designed for use in a freezer in order to preserve raw meats for later use. Freezing helps to slow the process of decay, thus minimizing the chances for  food  poisoning when the meat is used at a later date. Food sanitation also extends to keeping the preparation area clean and relatively germ-free. Mixing bowls, spoons, paring knives and any other tools used in the kitchen should be washed thoroughly before use. Kitchen countertops and cutting boards should also be cleaned and sterilized from time to time.Keeping a sanitary workplace will also cut down on the chances of  some type of food borne illness from developing when people consume the prepared food CONCLUSION THE WESTIN is among the abode in the financial capital of the country. While training at THE  WESTIN it has been  an  honor  being  trained there the  staff was so  supportive to pave me a successful training and took out my hesitant attitude out of me and learning  ability enhanced  forà ‚  people  their  they  are  an  honor  in  them selves. When first began my industrial training but went by ever so quickly and have left me craving for much more.I would have to say that ills an absolutely fabulous part of the curriculum and perhaps will remain the most memorable one. Needless to say that this experience was highly enriching and educating one as I went on from one department to another and meet & got the opportunity to train under  several highly respected senior professional learned that every individual is different & that everyone has something unique to offer . I learnt that every job has its nuances and its value and that no lob is scarier to the other I learn that on needs to constantly improved &improvise.I learnt that is just the beginning of long road ahead full of  challenges. But  I know  that will be able to  run along because I have  my foundation firmly built in. It is here that I got the opportunity to continuously introspe ct and improve use budding professional & as a human being. I will always look back at the time spent here with fondness and with pride. I cannot but thank all the people who helped in several different ways thus I will go along way facilitating the commencement of wonderful journey.

HR Performance Issues and Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

HR Performance Issues and Motivation - Essay Example On the other hand, disgruntled employees led to low productivity and work absenteeism. According to a research by Hellriegel and Slocum (2009), organizations need to realize the importance of determining the relationship between job motivation, work performance, and satisfaction. Organization’s workplace settings offer a significant effect on the behavior and productivity of staff members. The need to attend to work life quality within organizations is a crucial part of understanding the link between these three variables. Managers have to play their roles in comprehending this issue also. The Human Resource department is directly linked with the needs of staff members and ought to be on the forefront to create awareness on motivating its staff. Creating a personal bond with employees is one way of motivating their work life. Making them feel more than employees is a key element in attaining this aspect. Creating job opportunities that match the knowledge and qualification of employees also leads to them being highly motivated and satisfied with their supervisors and the organization as a whole. A link between motivation and performance lies in the employer’s capability to ensure that the employee is motivated and satisfied. It is up to the employer to hand the employee with sufficient tools and capacity to achieve the organization’s objectives and reward the employees satisfactorily good. Employees, on the other hand, are obligated to work reasonably to elevate the productivity of the organization (Daft, 2011). Types of motivations in a job setting can be activated by either intrinsic or extrinsic factors. An example of intrinsic motivators includes recognition, growth, and responsibility while extrinsic ones are policy, safety, security, and salary. Failure to meet quality work standards is one example of a performance issue that results from, lack of

Mrs. Fields Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mrs. Fields - Case Study Example Mrs. Field’s cookies can be characterized as a quite successful organization. The growth of the organization in the US market should be related to the capabilities and the characteristics of its founders, Debbi Sivyer and Randy Fields. At the first instance, meaning the time when they met, the resumes of Debbi and Randy were different; Debbi was trying to explore her skills in cooking while Randy had graduated from a first class university, Stanford, aiming to develop his future in economics. From this point of view, the future of Debbi and Randy would be expected, then, to be different. There would be no expectations, then, that the above persons, with different background and skills, would cooperate in a business, such as Mrs. Field’s cookies. Instead, Randy would be expected to become a successful economist, while Debbi would be expected to continue working in different roles, possibly increasing her skills in baking. However, the marriage of Debbi and Randy can be c onsidered as having an important role in the opening of their business. In accordance with the information provided through the case study, Debbi and Randy had different goals in regard to their business. Debbi aimed ‘to bake great cookies’ (case study, p.2) while Randy thought the specific initiative as a profitable investment, taking into consideration the market needs for products of the particular characteristics. Under these terms, it is assumed that Debbi and Randy supported the opening of the first store for promoting their own aims, as described above. The potential existence of common interest, referring to the family income that would be generated through the particular project, was also a critical reason that led to the support of this initiative both by Debbi and Randy. The opening of the second store resulted to an important dilemma for Debbi: Debbi

NGOs performing governmental functions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

NGOs performing governmental functions - Essay Example However, there are cases where these NGOs work alongside or in collaboration with government organizations to pursue broader communal efforts that have various political agendas. In such instances, the NGOs ensure that it does not include any politicians or representatives of government in their organizational operations, thereby retaining its non-governmental position. This paper will cover how the non-government organization (NGOs) came into existence, their purpose, and how these organizations affect or help the government. The paper will also discuss the role of NGOs as a government subsidiary in performing important government functions, and will highlight key organizations that have performed humanitarian or development-oriented work in collaboration of various government agencies. History of NGOs Non-governmental organizations were present in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century fighting for women rights, and engaged in movements against slavery. The World D isarmament Conference was seen as the biggest showcase for non-governmental organizations, with the official term of NGO coming into existence with the United Nations Organization in 1945. The United Nations gave legal provisions to these organizations and they were categorized as neither government bodies nor a member organisation or state of United Nations; instead the United Nations defines a Non-Governmental Organisation as autonomous associations of people not obliged under any international treaty, working in humanitarian and charitable work, and bringing common people close to the governments (Chiang, 1981). It is imperative for NGOs to have extensive networking relationships across borders to be successful. It needs to incorporate various cultural, political and religious values of each country and operate according to the legal structures in which these countries allow these non-governmental organizations to function. They are broadly classified under four main groups globa lly, which include â€Å"Unincorporated and voluntary association†, â€Å"Trusts, charities and foundations†, â€Å"Companies not just for profit† and â€Å"Entities formed or registered under special NGO or non-profit laws† (Stillman 2007). Once the term NGO was coined, the western countries saw an extensive increase in the development of non-governmental organizations, as these countries were in a transitional period of structuring their country and defining it as a welfare state. The significance of NGOs increased even further with the fall of Communism, and rapid Globalisation, as many problems were seen having magnitude beyond the scope of a single nation and could only be dealt under an international enterprise (Langhorne, The Coming of Globalization 2001). World Trade Organization (WTO) and World Economic Forum are examples of such international treaties but they are capitalist in nature. Many feel that these organizations do more harm than aid thi rd world economies as they are used as tools to dictate western political agendas in these countries. Therefore, many NGOs have developed to counterbalance this trend, with emphasis in sustainable development, developmental aid, and humanitarian issues (Langhorne 2006). One example of such organization is World Social Forum, but yet there are criticisms as to the role the NGOs undertake. They

Was Jesus an apocalyptic teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Was Jesus an apocalyptic teacher - Essay Example Many believed Jesus was a teacher, a hero, a king, a God, who was the fulfillment of Gods promise of showing goodness first to his people-the Jews, then to the rest of the "gentile" world. As a teacher of good virtues, to the Christians, Jesus was the best. However, scholars and critics marked the contents of his messages as apocalyptic in nature and even classified him among the Jewish fundamentalists of his time who desperately portrayed the promised messiah to redeem his nation from hopelessness. Despite this we believe that his teaching, although contained some apocalyptic messages, is more deep-seated and applies to the very nature of man that when really accepted and lived into, would provide greater understanding and harmony among all the people. Most of his messages are not time-bound and can even be applied universally, for the self and for the others. Some hinted that if Jesus was not really the promised son of God, then his story is the greatest hoax ever that corrupted the earth. Amidst all criticisms we have known that the teachings he brought are priceless and have stood through the test of times. We have heard a lot about Jesus and the controversies surrounding his existence. We have no point discussing further on the controversy and we accept the fact that Jesus truly existed and brought good news in his time that created a stir globally. The question that lies ahead is putting up the teachings of Jesus on the real context and purpose. Evidences have shown that the only living sources of his teachings are the gospels, which was originally passed verbally, written, and rewritten, until finally it came out to a form so varied from the original context. The New Testament Books that we have are just few of the literatures produced almost a century after the real Jesus died. As the teachings are passed across different personalities, cultures, and communities, some thoughts are added and some are omitted. The revisions on the composition had only stopped when the final compilation came out. But the value of the message lies not on the way it is formulated. As Norman Perrin, Associate Professor of New Testament at the Divinity School of the University of Chicago stated in his Reconstruction and Interpretation of the Teachings of Jesus, it is not the accuracy of historical account that is being emphasized in the writings but the applicability of the teachings to the lives of Jesus' followers. Although many have changed in the messages and teachings, the essence is preserved and the usefulness of the teaching is still acceptable. A scholarly evaluation on the writing and rewriting of the original teachings can be discussed in technical or theological terms but what is important to an ordinary Christian believer is the impact the messages has caused their lives whatever are the motives, perspectives, orientation, and purpose of the writers. The changes may have caused vagueness or over-simplicity but the application is clear that they lived and caused to change lives until the present time. The Teachings The Apocalyptic teaching of Jesus Apocalyptic themes are very prevalent among the teachings of the early Jewish teachers and prophets and even the times of Jesus. This may have influenced him since "many of his convictions and

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Summary - Essay Example The controversy which its use aroused eventually compelled music producers to cease the inclusion of DRM technology on its audio discs, with EMI being the last company to do so in 2007 (Thompson). DRM faded out of use because it violated existent copyright laws and did not produce the expected results. While DRM is designed to protect copyright material it does so in a way which violates existent fair use policies. As Sarah Houghton-Jan writes, â€Å"DRM makes it illegal for the owner of that CD to use that content on more than one device (which you should be legally allowed to do)† (53). When a person purchases an audio disc which has DRM technology embedded on it, the person is consenting to DTM terms. These terms include, in some cases, the inability to play the CD audio content on more than one machine and, quite possibly, the inability to play it on any of the machines which the user owns (Houghton-Jan, 53-54). In reference to the last, this is because not all machines have the required decryption codec installed. The implication here is that DRM technology violates the owner’s right to play the audio CD on any machine s/he chooses and restricts the types of machines on which s/he can play the CD. Hence, restrictions on use extend beyond the illegal duplication and dissemination of the copyrighted music and, indeed violate the CD owner’s rights. Apart from its violation of fair use policy, DRM had the effect, not of halting illegal copying of copyrighted music but, of negatively impacting music sales. As the music industry’s leading producers, EMI, Sony and others have realised â€Å"DRM doesn’t work and actually negatively impacts sales† (Rapoza, 47). It is an extremely costly approach to the prevention of copyright violations and, more importantly, it does not fulfil its promise to prevent unauthorised copying and dissemination. This is because encryption codes have proven

Intercultural communications Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intercultural communications - Term Paper Example As it is almost impossible to describe or explain any culture in a few words, but picking the most important facts, Thai culture could be said to be dynamic. One cannot describe Thai culture well without, first of all, mentioning the royal family. Everything in this South East Asian country rallies around the Thai King, who is both the official and constitutional head of Thai Kingdom (Baker & Phongpaichit 35). There are countless festivals, seasonal celebrations and rituals to mark the King’s birthday, the royal history and the history of Thailand. A short insight into the history of Thailand revealed that past Thai Kings had fought many battles to keep Thai people alive. Till today, Thailand is one of the countries in the world that has never been colonized by any foreign powers. So, Thai culture is almost unaffected by any strange culture unlike in case of many former colonist countries, where the colonialist cultures, be it British, French or Portuguese have changed the way people in such countries behave. Thai culture remains traditionally Thai, though modernity is changing the people’s lifestyles, but it doesn’t forcefully erase Thai traditional ways of life. Starting with fashion, the traditional Thai fashion is made from the shining Thai silk that has several colors. Shirts could be made for men using the silk, and Thai women often adore themselves with tight skirts, wrappers and blouse sewed from the Thai silk. A typical festival in Thailand would reveal how colorful this Thai silk is, and how fitting they look on Thai people. In the area of food and dishes, there are traditional but delicious Thai cuisines: prominent among them are the Tom Yum Kung and rice and noodles. Like most Asian dishes, Thai foods are salty, peppery, spicy, sweet or n\bitter. Rice appears to be the staple food for Thai people, but they eat it with varieties of soups and other side

Elvis Presleys Photography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Elvis Presleys Photography - Essay Example This paper Elvis Presley‘s photography describes the importance of photography as a means of satisfaction to the person who is looking at the picture. Portraits of popular figures are more interesting to see than the stale photographs of oneself. You can keep on looking at a particular photo of your favorite sportsperson, maybe frame it on your wall, but you don’t usually keep the photo of your wedding in the bedroom. There’s also a section of society which exhibits family photographs in their offices for all to see. But the charm of a wall paper of Jane Seymour or Marilyn Monroe did a lot of good to boost the morale of the U. S. Army in Vietnam. But the beauty of portraits lies in the fact that they are meant more for entertainment than information, more for titillation than for satisfaction. The subjects of portraits know that the photographs are meant for public consumption and the public knows that the subjects know which makes the circles complete. However, i nformal portraits differ a great deal from formal ones for the simple reason that formal portraits are a bit boring. Thus the subjects of the portrait show obvious signs of unease. Except for a rare Lady Diana with her grace and charm, most of the subjects of portraits are awkward and uneasy, which impression leaps out of the photo to say, â€Å"I am doing this only because I have to be polite,† whereas informal portraits show people happy about just being themselves. This essay discusses the portraits one of the most famous men ever, Elvis Presley, the King.

FEA program Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

FEA program - Assignment Example However, with an increase in technological aspects of the engineering environment, it is imperative to connote the ease in simulation that is made possible by improved technology. Many simulation programs exist depending on the field of application. For example, when dealing with simulation of circuits, a program such as Circuit Maker or, in animation, Autodesk are just a few examples. In this assignment, the learner utilizes Ansys Workbench as the Computer Aided Engineering simulation program. The main reason for utilization of this software program is that it will be possible to show divergent aspects of a simulation including loading, constraints, and subjection to analysis and component performance. The beauty of this exemplification is in the fact that all the simulation is done in the context of engineering, thus it becomes possible to understand various aspects of a component. All these elements and considerations tend to rely on finite element methods. It is good to note that when dealing with finite elements, a complex problem is subdivided into smaller actual problems so that the complexity of the problem is consistently eliminated by dealing with the problem in piecemeal form. History suggests that the source of the finite simulation approach is in the fact that ancient scientists found it hard to deal with complex elasticity as well as structural analysis challenges that are inherent in the world of civil engineering and aeronautic engineering (Mori, Osakada & Takaoka 1996). To be able to solve these challenges, engineers came up with a five-step process that allows them to break the challenge into manageable pieces that are easier to deal with at every stage. The first aspect that has to be considered is the problem identification stage (Mori, Osakada & Takaoka 1996). In this first stage, the shape or structure of the object under consideration is sketched as well as the load it is anticipated to have (Mori, Osakada & Takaoka, 1996). This load and sketch is essential since it offers the engineer a better view of what needs to be provided by the end of the simulation (Mori, Osakada & Takaoka 1996). However, there are various aspects of the simulation that will emanate from the sketch, hence the need to have a clear yet close resemblance with the anticipated final project (Mori, Osakada & Takaoka 1996). {Insert Figure 1} The second aspect considered is the creation of the geometry using the software package so that a solid model is produced using a computer aided modeller (Mori, Osakada & Takaoka 1996). Although the solid is good, there are some details that may be a little hidden. In this case, a second view is needed. {Insert Figure 2} The third aspect, which is the view of the solid, is the mesh of the model created (Mori, Osakada & Takaoka 1996). A mesh offers an opportunity to clarify the divergent faces of the model under creation while the grids aid in accentuating minute details: the edges and curvatures of the model (M ori, Osakada & Takaoka 1996). {Insert Figure 3} Once the mesh has been created, the next step is clarification of the boundary conditions (Mori, Osakada &

Gas Station Spill Essay Example for Free

Gas Station Spill Essay This project investigates oil spill from gas station tanks, as well as its impact on the environment and bioremediation. The gas station market is greatly profitable. However, actions concerning its maintenance should be part of the big picture. Oil is toxic for human beings and its spill can severely damage soil and consequently groundwater. Due to the expiration date of an underground oil tank rated to be 25 years, this project will analyze oil spill from a gas station Ipase neighborhood located in Sao Luis city, Brazil. To accomplish this effort, this project will analyze remediation plans and its benefits. Remediation can be very costly, thus a prevention research of the vulnerable oil spill areas can be cheaper and more desirable. For the prevention research, it is necessary to study the locations of gas stations as well as the environment surrounding them. Some considerations as the gas stations proximity to water sources such as rivers and lakes must be measured as well as the proximity of the gas stations to preservations areas. It is intended to share the results of this project with other researchers, universities and gas station owners for a better understanding of the impact of oil spills and the precautionary measures available to minimize the impact on the environment.

Socrates, Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Socrates, Philosophy Essay ?Socrates was a Greek philosopher, who is often considered to be the father of Western philosophy, and a key figure in the development of Western civilisation. The unexamined life is not worth living for a human being. Socrates Republic 38c He left no actual writing so impressions of Socrates have come primarily from the writings of his student, Plato. There are also other contributions from Xenophon and a contemporary playwright Aristophanes. It is possible that Plato embellished the legacy of Socrates by making him appear the most noble philosopher; an ideal to be cherished and followed. The extent of this embellishment is hard to quantify, but the life of Socrates remains a great inspiration to many. Socrates married Xanthippe and together they had three children. Tradition suggests that Xanthippe was argumentative and hard to please, with Socrates the model of philosophic calm. Aristotle came to Athens as a teenager and studied with Plato for 17 years. After Plato’s death in 347 BCE, he traveled widely and ended up in Macedonia where he served as the private tutor of Alexander the Great. In 335 he returned to Athens and founded his own school, called the Lyceum. He was forced to leave in 323 because the death of Alexander allowed free reign to anti-Macedoninan sentiment and Aristotle was too close to the conqueror to dare stick around. Plato was probably born in 427 BC, and died around 347 BC, aged about 80. But the earlier extant biographies of him we may read have been written hundreds of years after his death : that of Apuleius, sometime during the second century AD, and that of Diogenes L? rtius, in his Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, no earlier than the third century AD. And these bear very little resemblance with what we expect from a biography nowadays. To make things worse, Plato almost never talks about himself in his dialogues (he does so only twice, once in the Apology and once in the Ph? do, each time in connection with the trial and death of Socrates). But, if we accept the authenticity of the VIIth Letter (which I do), we have there the closest thing to an autobiography we can dream of owing to the scarcity of our sources, though quite limited in scope despite its late date in Platos life (it could not have been written before Dions assassination in 354 BC, to which it refers, that is, at a time Plato was over 70).

Successfull marketing strategy analysis

Successfull marketing strategy analysis Marketing  is the process by which companies determine how products or services will be according of interest to customers, and the strategy use to increase in sales, communications and business development.  It is the process through which companies create value for customers and build strong  customer relationships  in order to capture and get good and positive feedback from customers in return. Marketing Planning Process: The planning process for the market can be described as shown in the figure below: For an organisation the target should be specific target, the objective concern as profitability, markets growth, efficiency, financial resources, organizational structure, and social responsibility. 2) Situational Analysis: Before developing a marketing strategy for a company this is important to conduct some analysis. This is form of essential part of any business or preparing marketing plan and should be reviewed over time to ensure that it is according to current situation. The following can be use to assess situational analysis for a company. The elements worth considering include: Product Situation What is current product? We cant break this definition up into parts such as the core product and any secondary or supporting services or products that also make up whats being sold. It is important to observe which different parts in order to be able to relate this back to client needs. Competitive situation To analyse the competitors what their situation and compare the feature/ benefit analysis. What are their competitive advantages? Distribution Situation Its about to Review the company distribution Situation how the product getting to market? Is it possible to get their through distributors or other intermediaries? Environmental factors Which external and internal environmental factors should be taken into account. This can include economic or sociological factors that impact on the companys performance. 3) SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used in to a business to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project. Also specifying the objective of the business venture and identifying the internal and external factors that are in the favour and those which are not in favour to achieve that objective. 4) Assumption Made: While preparing a strategy in a business assumption are very important and need to be focus on that. Its mean we made some assumption while taking any decision. Furthermore to attempt the predict future outcomes from the external and internal things. Some of the assumptions that made when a business plane and process are made, very likely to come true. Assumption-based planning identifies and tests the assumptions made in a business plan, the formulation of hedging actions and the construction of what-if scenarios. 5) Marketing Objectives: These objects should be as follows: Long-term Brand Value New Product/ Innovation and service Clear Product Definition Growth in market share 6) Forecasting results of strategies: Comparison strategies for effectiveness: Comparing promotes development, concept development, and higher level thinking.   Some company didnt compare like-for-like products forever. Some company battle between their products. A comparison strategy is the  process of identifying how things are alike and different. Marketing mix: When marketing their products firms need to create a successful mix of the right product ,sold at the right price, in the right place ,and of course using the most suitable promotion. In order to achieve its goal ,the company has to implement the main four Ps of the marketing mix . mmix Product Strategy: Product strategy is any decision that helps the company continue to develop new products around its signature ,it is very important for a company to implement its plans in a better way by Defining the characteristics of a product or service to meet the customers needs. Ducati failed to maximize sales of its all-new Monster;  Ducati  has added the 804cc engine to the range. The thinking goes that the Monster 1100 is too big, the Monster 696 is too small, but, hopefully, the  Ducati Monster 796  will be, like a bowl of warm porridge, just right. That engine gets pulled out of the Ducati Hypermotard 796 and shares that bikes 87bhp, 58lb/ft and wet slipper clutch. Combined with a low dry weight of 167kg .(369lbs) and the bikes friendly, flat-barred riding position, those new figures could make the Monster 796 the perfect first big bike for target market riders.   Pricing strategy: Identifying the total cost to the user (which is likely to be higher than the charge you make) is a part of the price element. Monster 796 the Urban Icon, as the name suggests is a luxury item launched by Ducati for those who look for brand and status symbol, price hardly matters for them. As per our target market the professional and sports people are going to buy it so following the porters differentiation strategy the pricing strategy will be premium. The Monster 796 will be available in the UK from May 2010 onwards and will be priced at  £6,995, with the ABS version at  £7,695 because our customers look for quality not price. Promotion Strategy: This includes advertising, personal selling like attending exhibitions, and sales promotions like special offers, and also atmospherics such as creating the right impression through the working environment. Public Relations is included within Promotion by many marketing people. Promotion strategy for Ducati: Advertising: The advertising campaign will be focused on the two target markets identified in the target market section, (Males and females).The purpose of the advertising campaign is to increase brand awareness of the Monster 796 the Urban Icon. The sources of advertising are TV, Internet, Magazines, sport websites and the advertisement will show the new looks, features and the style of Monster bike. Sales Promotion:   Ducati will use sales promotion to increase brand awareness, market share and revenue. The use of Point of Sales Displays will be used with a gift coupon for the purchase of Ducati 796. Although, the use of Point of Sales Displays produces a short-term effect in revenue and market share, the brand awareness will have a long-term effect. The use of this sales promotion along with the rest of the marketing strategy will produce a long term increase in both revenue and market share. Direct Communications: Direct communications will be used to measure brand awareness, as well as increase brand awareness and market share.   A survey will be sent out as a focus mailing to Ducatis target markets. The survey will measure; brand awareness of insect repellents, likes and dislikes between Ducati and its competitors, and the outdoor activities of the survey taker.   Place Strategy:. Looking at location and where a service is delivered, in other words, Place represents the location where a product can be purchased. It is often referred to as the distribution channel. It can include any physical store as well as virtual stores on the Internet. Ducati has good relationship with its all dealers throughout the UK. The dealers are contributing a lot to the overall performance of the company. The company is recognising their efforts with the rewards to improve it distribution strategy. Ducati dealers from all over the UK gathered for the annual Ducati dealer meeting during the recent London Motorcycle Show at Excel. The dealers were presented with an overview of 2009 and the plans and strategies for 2010 which should prove to be exciting times for the Ducati dealer network with the launch of the eagerly awaited Multistate and other innovative bikes such as the Monster ABS models. ANSOFFS Matrix: The Ansoff Growth matrix is a tool that helps businesses decides their product and market growth strategy.. It is used by marketers who have objectives for growth. Ansoffs matrix offers strategic choices to achieve the objectives. (Johnson, G. et. al., 2002) Market Penetration Is one of the four growth strategies of the  Product-Market Growth Matrix  defined by  Ansoff. Market penetration occurs when a company enters/penetrates a market with current products. The best way to achieve this is by gaining competitors customers (part of their market share). Other ways include attracting non-users of your product or convincing current clients to use more of your product/service (by advertising etc). Ansoff developed the  Product-Market Growth Matrix  to help firms recognize if there was any advantage of entering a market. Market Development Market development is the name given to a growth strategy where the business seeks to sell its existing products into new markets. There are many possible ways of approaching this strategy, including: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ New geographical markets; for example exporting the product to a new country à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ New product dimensions or packaging: for example à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ New distribution channels à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Different pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segment Product Development Companies develop new products in existing markets. This is called  product development. An organization that already has a market for its products might try and follow a strategy of developing additional products, aimed at its current market. Diversification The two principal objectives of diversification are Improving core process execution, and/or Enhancing a business units structural position. The fundamental role of diversification is for corporate managers to create value for stockholders in ways stockholders cannot do better for themselves1. The additional value is created through synergetic integration of a new business into the existing one thereby increasing its  competitive advantage Implementing the Ansoffs matrix growth strategies on Ducati Company Market Penetration: The company has to get some more market share buy promoting and selling its new Monster bike, especially in the UK market where its sale decreased by 18% last year. The company has a good brand name so it is easy for them to eat up the competitor market share if they can provide some more customer benefit. Product Development: As far as the new target market is concerned the company has a great opportunity to expand its market share with the launching of Ducati Monster 796 and to produce the similar and more modified models in near future which includes female bikes as well. Market Development: The UK sport market is very large and Ducati is not having the enough market share as compare to its competitors, so the company has to broaden its market in UK. Ducati has to increase the range of dealers and to make sure that every corner of the country is covered by the company. Diversification: Bringing the new vehicles like monster 796 is the good choice for the company in order to meet the customers new and requirements and expectations and the company has to focus on the green technology products soon in order to strengthen its reputation in market and to bring a change in company style. New Marketing Strategies (strategic options) 1-Porters Generic strategy (Differentiation Strategy): According to Michael Porter, the generic strategy is to be unique in the industry along some dimensions that are widely valued by buyers. It is rewarded for its uniqueness with a premium price. A firm that can achieve and sustain differentiation will be an above-average performer in its industry if its price premium exceeds the extra costs incurred in being unique. (Porter M, 1985) Ducati main target is people who look for quality instead of price; the company adds something more to their products as compared to the competitors. Differentiation strategy will help company to achieve its premium price and to meet the needs of the target customers. Michael Porter has classically defined five forces that drive industry competition, and has described a valuable approach to assessing the overall competitive dynamics of an industry. This approach has come to be known as a five-force analysis. (Colley.J et al, 2007) Managing change ( Kotter,1998) ,According to change management guru John Kotter, fewer than 15 of the 100 or more companies studied have successfully transformed themselves. While the particulars of every case vary, Kotter has identified eight critical stages of successful change management. Mismanaging any one of these steps can undermine an otherwise well-conceived vision. PESTEL ANALYSIS: Macro environment Macro is remote environment of a company comprising economic, social, political, technological and ecological. One way of looking at remote environment is PESTEL framework. http://www.businessmate.org/images/PESTEL.jpg Swot analysis: SWOT  analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues.  SWOT  stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.  Strengths and weaknesses are internal  factors. Opportunities and threats are  external  factors. In SWOT, strengths and weaknesses are  internal  factors. For example: Strength  could be: Your specialist marketing expertise. A new, innovative product or service. Location of your business. Quality processes and procedures. Any other aspect of your business that adds value to your product or service. A  weakness  could be: Lack of marketing expertise. Undifferentiated products or services (i.e. in relation to your competitors). Location of your business. Poor quality goods or services. Damaged reputation. In  SWOT, opportunities and threats are  external  factors. For example: An  opportunity  could be: A developing market such as the Internet. Mergers, joint ventures or strategic alliances. Moving into new market segments that offer improved profits. A new international market. A market vacated by an ineffective competitor. A  threat  could be: A new competitor in your home market. Price wars with competitors. A competitor has a new, innovative product or service. Competitors have superior access to channels of distribution. Taxation is introduced on your product or service. Implementing SWOT analysis on Ducati company The following SWOT analysis will provide insights into Ducatis internal strengths and weaknesses at the end of the turnaround as well as the opportunities and threats posed by the external environment in which the company operates. Strengths Technical Excellence Efficient Value Chain ensure quality Strong Brand Location Advantages Effective management Strategic Alliances Weaknesses Narrow Target Audience Polarized sales Low economies of scale Sparse Dealer Network Limited Growth since yr. 2000 Opportunities Fast growing segment Customers of Japanese motorcycles have low brand loyalty Reduction in international trade barriers Threats Low price of competitors Competitors enjoy lower costs Competitors have high economies of scale and low cost of capital These strategies can be adopted for the best marketing: Branding strategy New product develops plc strategy Market segmentation positioning strategies Sustained marketing strategies with ethics and social responsibility Competitive strategies for marketing Relationship management strategies International marketing Some of the strategies explained below with example. Branding: Company brand is not what thinks of the company, its about what the customer thinks it is. And in an industry where the patent expiration clock is constantly ticking, its vital to make a lasting impression, and quickly, Patricia Malone offers five steps to creating a brand. Example: In the pharmaceutical world, when one considers the enormous pressure from reimbursement sources on providers to prescribe generics rather than brand-name products, the importance of branding prior to patent expiration is clear. Beyond that, the entire branding process has value for a company because it helps the business focus on, enhance and be consistent with its message. In addition, it enables a company to continually test the message and see if its being played back the right way. findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5351/is_200405/ai_n21348846/ Market Segmentation strategy: To compete successfully in todays volatile and competitive business markets, mass marketing is no longer a viable option for most companies. Marketers must attack niche markets that exhibit unique needs wants. Market segmentation is the process of partitioning markets into groups of potential customers with similar needs or characteristics who are likely to exhibit similar purchase behaviour. http://www.s-m-a-r-t.com/Exp_marketseg.htm Product Development Strategy: Effective project planning is critical to implementing new product development strategies. In some cases new product development strategy initiation includes original research but in this case research actually resulted in the formulation of the new product concept Example: Ground breaking research undertaken at Victoria University (VU) showed that children wake up to smoke alarms with familiar voices much more easily than they do with traditional smoke alarms that beep. VU Researcher Dorothy Bruck said: One hundred percent of children tested have woken to the mothers voice message- played at 1am in the morning. This compares to only 57 percent wakening to the current smoke alarm signal, played at the same time of night and at the same volume. This ground breaking new product development research set the stage for KidSmarts intellectual property suite and drove our new product development strategies. From the start, we mapped out our performance requirements, usability strategies and product cost targets. It was also critical early on in the new product development process to identify component suppliers and production strategies for all major components including the actual smoke sensor. bresslergroup.com/process/speed_planning.asp